Whitaker, L.A., Graham, W.P., Riser, W.H. and Kilgore, E.: Retaining the articular cartilage in finger joint amputations: an experimental study. Plast Reconstr Surg 49:542, May 1972.

Whitaker, L.A., Lehr, H.B. and Askovitz, S.I.: Cancer of the tongue: results of treatment in 258 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 50:363, October 1972.

Whitaker, L.A., Randall, P., Graham, W.P., Hamilton, R.W. and Winchester, R.W.: A prospective and randomized series comparing superiorly and inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flaps. Cleft Palate J 9:304, October 1972.

Whitaker, L.A.: Characteristics of skin importance to the surgeon. Internat Surg 57:877, November 1972.

Graham, W.P., Kilgore, E.S. and Whitaker, L.A.: Transarticular digital joint amputations: preservation of the articular cartilage. Hand 5:58, February 1973.

Graham, W.P., Pataky, P.E., Whitaker, L.A., Kilgore, E.S., Riser, W.A., Buda, M. and Lerner, E.: Transarticular joint amputations: the value of preserving articular cartilage. J Surg Research 14:524, June 1973.

Whitaker, L.A. and Graham, W.P.: Management of hand infections in the narcotic addict. Plast Reconstr Surg 52:384, October 1973.

Kenepp, N., Whitaker, L.A. and Graham, W.P.: Evaluation of maxillary antrostomy in treatment of fractures of the middle third of the face. J Trauma 13:884, October 1973.

Whitaker, L.A., Katowitz, J.A. and Randall, P.: The nasolacrimal apparatus in congenital facial anomalies. J Maxillofac Surg 2:59, 1974.

Randall, P., Whitaker, L.A. and LaRossa, D.: The importance of muscle reconstruction in primary and secondary cleft repair. Plast Reconstr Surg 54:316, 1974.

Whitaker, L.A. and Graham, W.P.: Healing characteristics of lined and unlined parasitic and non-parasitic flaps: an experimental study. J Surg Oncol 6:511, 1974.

Whitaker, L.A. and Randall, P.: The developing field of craniofacial surgery. Pediatrics 54:571, November 1974.

Whitaker, L.A., LaRossa, D. and Randall, P.: Structural goals in craniofacial surgery. Cleft Palate J 12:23, January 1975.

Chang, Y.D., Whitaker, L.A. and LaRossa, D.: Acute monomyelocytic leukemia presenting as felon. Case report. Plast Reconstr Surg 57:335, March 1976.

Salyer, K.E., Munro, I.R., Whitaker, L.A. and Jackson, I.: Difficulties and problems to be solved in the approach to craniofacial malformations. Birth Defects: original Article Series XI: 315-339, 1975. The National Foundation.

Ruberg, R., Randall, P. and Whitaker, L.A.: Preservation of posterior pharyngeal flap during maxillary advancement. Plast Reconstr Surg. 57:335, March 1976.

Olson, R., Whitaker, L.A., Parsi, R. and Graham, W.P.: A comparative evaluation of laminar airflow in the treatment of major burns. Pennsyl Med J 79:50, June 1976.

Jackson, P., Whitaker, L.A. and Randall, P.: Airway problems in Pierre Robin Syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg 58:184, August 1976.

Whitaker, L.A., Munro, I.R., Jackson, I.T., Salyer, K.E.: Problems in craniofacial surgery. J Maxillofac Surg 4:131, August 1976.

Eid, K. Lynch, D.J. and Whitaker, L.A.: Mandibular fractures: the problem patient. J of Trauma 16:658, August 1976.

Whitaker, L.A. and Katowitz, J.A.: Facial anomalies involving the nasolacrimal apparatus. In: Symposium on Plastic Surgery in the Orbital Region. Ed. by Tessier, Callahan, Mustarde and Salyer. The C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1976. p 159-166.

Whitaker, L.A., Schut, L. and Randall, P.: Craniofacial surgery: present and future. Ann of Surg 184:558, November 1976.

Whitaker, L.A.: Severe traumatic oculo-orbital displacement. Transaction of the Sixth International Congress of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Paris, August 1975. Published by Masson Press p 377.

Whitaker, L.A.: Severe traumatic oculo-orbital displacement: diagnosis and treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 59:352, March 1977.

Jones, W.D., III, Whitaker, L.A. and Murtagh, F.: Applications of reconstructive craniofacial techniques to acute upper facial trauma. J Trauma 17:339, May 1977.

Whitaker, L.A., Schut, L. and Kerr, L.P.: Early surgery for isolated craniofacial dysostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 60:575, October 1977.

Whitaker, L.A. and Graham, W.P.: Incisions and soft tissue cover of the hand. Chapter 6, The Hand - Surgical and Non-Surgical Management, eds. Kilgore, E.S. and Graham, W.P. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1977.

Whitaker, L.A. and Graham, W.P.: Vascular injuries and disorders of the hand. Chapter 10, The Hand - Surgical and Non-Surgical Management, eds. Kilgore, E.S. and Graham, W.P. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1977.

Reichman, J., Kerr, L. and Whitaker, L.A.: Rib grafting in facial reconstruction: an experimental approach. Surg Forum 28:535, 1977.

Salyer, K. and Whitaker, L.A.: Principles of bone grafting. Instructional Course Summaries of the Educational Foundation of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, pp 190-207, 1977.

Randall, P., Whitaker, L.A., Noone, R.B. and Jones, W.D., III: The case of the inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap. Cleft Palate J 15:262, July 1978.

Whitaker, L.A.: Evaluation and treatment of upper facial asymmetry. In: Symposium on the Reconstruction of Jaw Deformity, eds. Whitaker, L.A. and Randall, P. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1978.

Phillips, J. and Whitaker, L.A.: The social effects of craniofacial deformity and its correction. Cleft Palate J 16:16, January, 1979.

Handler, S., Beaugard, M., Whitaker, L.A. and Potsic, W.: Airway management in the repair of craniofacial defects. Cleft Palate J 16:16, January, 1979.

Whitaker, L.A., Katowitz, J.A. and Jacobs, W.E.: Ocular adnexal problems in craniofacial deformities. J Maxillofac Surg 7:55, February 1979.

Postic, W., Cohen, M., Winchester, R. and Whitaker, L.A.: The types of hearing loss and ear pathology noted in screening craniofacial patients. Cleft Palate J 16:164, April 1979.

Zins, J.E. and Whitaker, L.A.: Membranous versus endochondral bone autografts: Implications for craniofacial reconstruction. Surg Forum 30:521, 1979.

Whitaker, L.A., Munro, I.R., Salyer, K.E., Jackson, I.T., Oritz-Monasterio, F. and Marchac, D.: Combined report of problems and complications in 793 craniofacial operations. Plast Reconstr Surg 64:198, August 1978.

Whitaker, L.A. and Katowitz, J.A.: The nasolacrimal apparatus in craniofacial deformity. In Symposium on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Craniofacial Anomalies, eds. Converse, J.M., McCarthy, J.G. and Wood-Smith, D. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1979, pp 138-143.

Whitaker, L.A., Schut, L. and Mayro, R.: Facial Asymmetry; Evaluation and Treatment Advances. Transactions of the VII International Congress of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, May 20-25, 1979. Published by Cartgraf, Campinas, Brazil, 1981, p 291.

Whitaker, L.A.: James IV Surgical Travels, 1979. Ann Plast Surg 4:250, March 1980.

LaRossa, D., Whitaker, L.A., Dabb, R. and Mellissions, E.: The use of microvascular free flaps for soft tissue augmentation of the face in children with hemifacial microsomia. Cleft Palate J 17:138, April 1980.

Whitaker, L.A., Broennle, A.M., Kerr, L.P. and Herlich, A.: Improvement in craniofacial reconstruction: methods evolved in 235 consecutive patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 65:561, May 1980.

Sherk, H.H., Whitaker, L.A., Pasquariello, P.S., Jr. and Cohen, M.: Facial malformations and spinal anomalies: a predictable relationship. Orthopedic Transaction J Bone & Joint Surg 4:47, 1980.

Diamond, G., Katowitz, J.A., Whitaker, L.A., Quinn, G. and Schaffer, D.: Ocular alignment following craniofacial reconstruction. Am J Dis Children 134:1065, November 1980.

Whitaker, L.A. and Kerr, L.P.: Craniofacial surgery today. Am J Otolaryn 1:426, November 1980.

Paradise, J.E., Raney, B.R. and Whitaker, L.A.: Progressive facial hemiatrophy. Report of a case associated with Ewing's sarcoma. Am J Dis Children 134:1065, November 1980.

Diamond, G., Katowitz, J.A., Whitaker, L.A., Quinn, G. and Schaffer, D.: Variations in extraocular muscle number and structure in craniofacial dysostosis. Am J Opthal 90:416, 1980.

Whitaker, L.A., Pashayan, H. and Reichman, J.: A proposed new classification of craniomaxillofacial anomalies. Cleft Palate J 90:416, 1981.

Goldberg, J., Enlow, D., Whitaker, L.A., Zins, J. and Kurihara, S.: Some anatomical characteristics in several craniofacial syndromes. J Oral Surg 39:489, 1981.

Whitaker, L.A.: Skeletal foundations of aesthetic cranial and facial surgery. In: Male Aesthetic Surgery. ed. Courtiss, E.H., CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1981, pp 145-161.

Rosen, H. and Whitaker, L.A.: Application of aesthetic principles to reconstructive surgery: Basic concepts. In: Male Aesthetic Surgery. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1981, pp 53-59.

Whitaker, L.A.: Traumatic craniofacial deformity: late treatment. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 15:307, 1981.

Whitaker, L.A., Schut, L. and Rosen, H.: Congenital craniofacial asymmetry: early treatment. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 15:227, 1981.

Kusiak, J.F., Zins, J.E., Ring, E. and Whitaker, L.A.: Early revascularization of membranous bone grafts. Surg Forum 32:567, 1981.

Whitaker, L.A. and Katowitz, J.A.: Canthal and nasolacrimal apparatus problems. In: Symposium on Pediatric Plastic Surgery, ed. Kernahan, D.A.. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1982, pp 343-358.

Whitaker, L.A.: Where does craniofacial surgery stand? In: Symposium on Pediatric Plastic Surgery, ed. Kerhahan, D.A. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1982.

Whitaker, L.A. and Marchac, D.: Craniofacial surgery in infancy. In: Atlas of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, eds. Slayer, K., Whitaker, L.A., Jackson, I. and Munro, I. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1982.

Whitaker, L.A.: Facial asymmetry. In: Atlas of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, eds. Salyer, K., Whitaker, L.A., Jackson, I. and Munro, I. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1982.

Whitaker, L.A.: Traumatic deformities: primary and secondary treatment. In: Atlas of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, eds. Salyer, K., Whitaker, L.A., Jackson, I. and Munro, I. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1982.

Whitaker, L.A. and Pertschuk, M.: Facial skeletal contouring for aesthetic purposes. Plast Reconstr Surg 69:245, 1982.

Pertschuk, M. and Whitaker, L.A.: Social and psychological effects of craniofacial deformity and surgical reconstruction. Clinics in Plastic Surgery, 1982, p. 297.

Vasileff, W. and Whitaker, L.A.: Plastic surgical emergencies: facial injuries and burns. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Chapter 64. Editors: Fleisher, G. and Ludwig, S. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1983.

Morales, L. and Whitaker, L.A.: Coronal synostosis: Asymmetrical Manifestations and Treatment in Infancy. Transactions of the VIII International Congress of Plastic Surgery, Montreal, Canada, June 1983, p. 288.

Whitaker, L.A., Kusiak, J. and Zins, J.E.: Soft Tissue Refinement in Orbitocranial Reconstruction. Transactions of the VIII International Congress of Plastic Surgery, Montreal, Canada, June 1983, p. 301.

Whitaker, L.A.: Principles and Methods of Management of Craniofacial Malformations. In: Pediatric Otolaryngology, eds. Bluestone, C.D. and Stool, S., WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1983, Chapter 5, pp. 67-81.

Zins, J.E. and Whitaker, L.A.: Membranous versus endochondral bone: implications for craniofacial reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 72:778, December 1983.

Diamond, G. and Whitaker, L.A.: Ocular motility in craniofacial reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 73:31, 1984.

Zins J., Kusiak, J., Whitaker, L.A. and Enlow, D.: The influence of the recipient site on bone grafts to the face. Plast Reconstr Surg 73:371, March 1984.

Rosen, H. and Whitaker, L.A.: Cranial base dynamics in craniofacial dysostosis. J Maxillofac Surg 12:47, April 1984.

Whitaker, L.A.: Selective alteration of palpebral fissure form by lateral canthopexy. Plast Reconstr Surg 74:611, November 1984.

Pertschuk, M. and Whitaker, L.A.: Psychological adjustment and craniofacial malformations in childhood. Plast Reconstr Surg 74:177, 1985.

Skerk, H.H., Whitaker, L.A. and Pasquariello, P.S.: Facial malformations and spinal anomalies: A predictable relationship. Spine 7:526, 1982.

Kusiak, J., Zins, J.E. and Whitaker, L.A.: The early revascularization of membranous bone. Plast Reconstr Surg 76:510, 1985.

LaRossa, D. and Whitaker, L.A.: Soft tissue injuries. Chapter 20, pp 185-188. In: Pediatric Surgery, by Welch K., Randolph, J., Ravitch, M., O'Neill, J. and Rowe, M. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, 1986.

Whitaker, L.A., Morales, L. and Farkas, L.: Aesthetic surgery of the supraorbital ridge and forehead structures. Plast Reconstr Surg 78:23, July 1986.

Barnett, A. and Whitaker, L.A.: Facial form analysis of the lower and mid-face. Plast Reconstr Surg 78:158, 1986.

Whitaker, L.A.: Facial proportions in aesthetic surgery. Eds. Farkas, L.G. and Munro, I.R. Anthropometric Facial Proportions in Medicine, Chapter 10, C.C. Thomas, Springfield, IL 1987.

Bowers, E.J., Mayro, R.F., Whitaker, L.A., Pasquariello, P.S., LaRossa, D. and Randall, P.: General body growth in children with clefts of the lip, palate and craniofacial structure. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 21:7, 1987.

Diamond, G. and Whitaker, L.A.: Surgical treatment of over-elevation on adduction in patients with craniostenosis. Craniofacial Surgery, Marchac, D., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 155, 1987.

Whitaker, L.A. and Bartlett, S.: A method of treating exophthalmos by extensive lateral orbital wall decompression. Craniofacial Surgery, ed. Marchac, D. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 354, 1987.

Whitaker, L.A., Bartlett, S., Schut, L. and Bruce, D.: Timing and methods of treatment for patients with craniosynostosis. Craniofacial Surgery, ed. Marchac, D. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 118, 1987.

Diamond, G., Katowitz, J., Whitaker, L.A., Bersani, T., Bartlett, S. and Welsh, M.: Ocular and adnexal complications of unilateral orbital advancement for plagiocephaly. Arch Ophthal 105:381, 1987.

Whitaker, L.A. and Bartlett, S.: The craniofacial dysostoses: guidelines for the management of the symmetric and asymmetric deformities. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 14:73, January 1987.

Pertschuk, M. and Whitaker, L.A.: Psychological considerations in craniofacial deformity. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 14:163, January 1987.

Whitaker, L.A.: Synthetic Materials, Bone Grafts and Segmental Osteotomies: when to use each in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the face. Proceedings of the 35th National Plastic Surgery Society of Italy. Monduzzi, Milan, 1986, p 117.

Stalnecker, M.C., Whitaker, L.A., Rosen, H.M., Herman, G. and Udupa, J.: Applications of volume determination and three-dimensional imaging. Craniofacial Surgery, ed. Marchac, D., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987, p 25.

Whitaker, L.A., Stalnecker, M.C. and Katowitz, J.A.: Secondary treatment of post-traumatic enophthalmos. Craniofacial Surgery, ed. Marchac, D., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987, p 467.

Katowitz, J., Bruce, D. and Whitaker, L.A.: Orbital teratomas associated with microphthalmic corneal eye. Craniofacial Surgery, ed. Marchac, D., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987, p 81.

Pertschuk, M. and Whitaker, L.A.: Craniofacial Surgery, ed. Marchac, D., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987, p 486.

Bartlett, S. and Whitaker, L.A.: The Symmetric and Asymmetric Craniosynostoses. Recommendations for their management based on the treatment of 180 patients. Transactions IX International Congress of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (March 1-6, 1987). Tata, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., p 180.

Whitaker, L.A.: Augmentation of the Midfacial Skeleton: Methods and materials. Transactions IX International Congress of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (March 1-6, 1987). Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., p 180.

Whitaker, L.A.: Secondary reconstruction of traumatic orbital deformity. Case 25, p. 187. In Brent, B. The Artistry of Reconstructive Surgery. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1987.

Whitaker, L.A.: Craniofacial repair of vertically displaced orbit. Case 84. p. 679. In: Brent, B. The Artistry of Reconstructive Surgery. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1987.

Whitaker, L.A., Bartlett, S., Schut, L. and Bruce, D: Craniosynostosis: an analysis of the timing, treatment and complications in 164 consecutive patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 80:195, 1987.

Whitaker, L.A.: Aesthetic augmentation of the malar-midface structures. Plast Reconstr Surg 80:337, 1987.

Whitaker, L.A. and Van der Kolk, C.: Orbital reconstruction in hypertelorism. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 21:199, 1988.

Katowitz, J., Herman, G., Whitaker, L.A. and Welsh, M.: Three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 3:243, 1987.

Whitaker, L.A. and Bartlett, S.: Aesthetic surgery of the facial skeleton. Perspectives in Plastic Surgery. QMP Clinical Series. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp 23-69, 1988. Quality Medical Publishing, St. Louis.

Vasileff, W.J. and Whitaker, L.A.: Plastic surgical Emergencies: facial injuries and burns. Chapter 77, pp. 1041-1059. In: Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 2nd Ed. eds, Fleisher, G. and Ludwig, S. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1988.

Stalnecker, M.C., Whitaker, L.A. and Brighton, C.T.: Electrical stimulation of onlay bone grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg 82:580, 1988.

Bowers, E., Mayro, R., Whitaker, L.A., Pasquaariello, P., LaRossa, D. and Randall, P.: General body growth in children with cleft palate and related disorders. Am J Phys Anthro 74:305, 1988.

Pertschuk, M. and Whitaker, L.A.: Psychosocial outcome of craniofacial surgery in children. Plast Reconstr Surg 82:761, 1988.

Whitaker, L.A.: Craniosynostosis: Current Therapy in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Head and Neck. Ed. J.L. Marsh, B.C. Decker Inc. Toronto, 1989, p 225-230.

Whitaker, L.A.: Secondary Treatment of Craniofacial Trauma. Jonathan F. Rhoads. Eightieth Birthday Symposium, Eds. C.F. Barker, M.D. and J. Daly, M.D., J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1989, pp 443-450.

Whitaker, L.A.: Biological Boundaries: a concept in facial skeletal grafting. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 16:1 Jan. 1989.

Whitaker, L. A. Aesthetic Contouring of the Facial Support System. Clinics in Plastic Surgery Ed. J. Lehman. 16:815, Oct., 1989.

Wornom, I., Toennies, K., Buchman, S., Bartlett, S. and Whitaker, L. Quantitative Assessment of Bone Graft Survival with 3-Dimensional CT Scanning. Proceedings of the 2nd International Craniomaxillofacial Society. Ed. E. Caroni. 1989. Italy.

Buchman, S.R., Wornom, I.L., Whitaker, L. and Bartlett, S. Experimental Studies on the Regulation of Craniofacial Growth. Surg Forum XL:606, 1989.

Bartlett, S. and Whitaker, L.A. Growth and Survival of Vascularized and Non-Vascularized Bone: An Experimental Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 84:783, 1989.

Whitaker, L.A. and Bartlett, S.P.: Craniofacial Anomalies, Chapter 7. Eds. Jurkiewicz, J., Krizek, T., Mathes, S. and Ariyan, S. Plastic Surgery: Principles and Practice. CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1990.

Whitaker, L.A., Bartlett, S., Schut, L. and Sutton, L.: Asymmetrical Craniofacial Dysostosis. Craniofacial Anomalies and Clefts. George Thieme Verlag. Stuttgart, 1990.

Whitaker, L.A. and Schut, L.: Treatment and Long-Term Follow-Up in Orbital Hypertelorism. George Thieme Verlag. Stuttgart, 1990.

Whitaker, L.A., Bartlett, S., Born, M. and Katowitz, J.: Mandibulofacial Dysostosis. Treatment and Long-Term Follow-Up. George Thieme Verlag. Stuttgart, 1990.

Whitaker, L.A. and Yaremchuk, M. and Posnick J.: A Method for Repositioning the External Ear. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:128, 1990.

Cohen, S. R., Bartlett, S.P. and Whitaker, L.: Reconstruction of Late Craniofacial Deformities after Irradiation of the Head and Face During Childhood. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:229, 1990.

Bartlett, S. P. , Whitaker, L. A. and Marchac, D.: The Operative Treatment of Isolated Craniofacial Dysostosis (Plagiocephaly): A Comparison of the Unilateral and Bilateral Techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg 85:677, 1990.

Lin, K., Bartlett, S., Yaremchuk, M., Fallon, M., Grossman R. and Whitaker, L.A.: The Effect of Rigid Fixation on the Survival of Onlay Facial Bone Grafts. An Experimental Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:449, 1990.

Whitaker, L. and Hurwitz, D.J.: Principles and Methods of Management of Craniofacial Malformations. Chapt. 5 in Bluestone, C. and Stool, S. Pediatric Otolaryngology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1990.

Whitaker, L. and Yaremchuk, M.: Secondary Reconstruction of Post Traumatic Orbital Deformities. Ann Plast Surg 25:440, 1990.

Buchman, S.R., Wornom, I.L., Whitaker, L.A. and Bartlett, S.P.: Alternatives in Craniofacial Reconstruction: The Use of Frozen Membranous Allografts in Rabbits. Surg. Forum 41:657, 1990.

Lin, K., Bartlett, S., Yaremchuk, M., Grossman, R., Udupa, J. and Whitaker, L.A.: An Experimental Study on the Effect of Rigid Fixation on the Developing Craniofacial Skeleton. Plast Reconstr Surg 87:229, 1991.

Whitaker, L. A.: Aesthetic Alteration of the Malar-Midface Structures in Osterhout. D. Aesthetic Contouring of the Craniofacial Skeleton. Little Brown, Co., Boston, 1991, Chapt. 28, pp 371-384.

Whitaker, L.A: Aesthetic Augmentation of the Posterior Mandible. Plast Reconstr Surg 87:268, 1991.

Bartlett, S.P., Wornom, I.L. and Whitaker, L.A.: Evaluation of Facial Skeletal Aesthetics and Surgical Planning. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 18:1, 1991.

Whitaker, L.A.: Temporal and Malar-Zygomatic Reduction and Augmentation. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 18:55, 1991.

Whitaker, L.A. and Bartlett, S.P.: Skeletal Alterations as a Basis for Facial Rejuvenation. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 18:197, 1991.

Whitaker, L.A.: Skeletal Contouring. Chapter 2. In: Vistnes, L., ed. Procedures in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: How They Do It. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1991, pp 13-30.

Chen, Y-B. T., Wornom, I., III and Whitaker, L.A.: Intraosseous Vascular Malformation of the Orbit. Plast Reconstr Surg 87:946, 1991.

Mayro, R.F., DeLozier, J.P. and Whitaker, L.A.: Facial Reconstruction Considerations in Rheumatic Disease. Clinics in Rheumatology. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 17:4, 943, 1991.

Whitaker, L.: Aesthetic Surgery of the Facial Skeleton. Instructional Courses, IV. C.V. Mosby Company. St. Louis, 1992, pp 61-80.

Yaremchuk, M. J., Whitaker, L. A., Grossman, R. and Castiglione, C.: An Objective Assessment of Treatment for Orbital Hypertelorism. Plast Reconstr Surg 30:1, 1993, pp 27-35.

Fearon, J.A., Bartlett, S. and Whitaker, L.: The Skeletal Treatment of Hypertelorism. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 2:671, July 1991. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA.

Fearon, J.A. and Whitaker, L.A. Complications with Facial Advancement: A Comparison Between the LeFort III and Monobloc Advancements. Plast Reconstr Surg 91:990, 1993.

Whitaker, L. and Fearon, J.A. Mandibulofacial Dysostosis: A Review of a Surgical Series. Submitted to Plast Reconstr Surg.

Yaremchuk, M. and Whitaker, L.A.: Secondary Reconstruction of Post Traumatic Orbital Deformities. In Manson and Magee. Management of Facial Fractures. W.B. Saunders Company., In press.

Pertschuk, M., Trisdorfer, A. and Whitaker, L.A.: Extended Psychosocial Follow Up of Early Operated Children with Congenital Craniofacial Anomalies. Plast Reconstr Surg. In press.

Pertschuk, M. and Whitaker, L.A.: Self Concept and Appearance in Children with Craniofacial Abnormalities. Submitted to Cleft Palate J.

Neidich, J.A., Whitaker, L.A., Natowicz, M., McDonald, D., Schnur, R. and Zackai, E.H.: Aglossia with Congenital Absence of the Mandibular Rami and Other Craniofacial Abnormalities. Submitted to Am J Med Genetics.

Bartlett, S.P., Grossman, R. and Whitaker, L.: Age-Related Changes of the Craniofacial skeleton: An Anthropometric and Histologic Analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 90:592, 1992.

Whitaker, L.A.: Contouring of the Facial Skeleton. In: Cohen, M., Little-Brown, Co., Boston. 1994, pp 1863-1873.

Fearon, J., Munro, I. and Whitaker, L.A: Massive Teratomas Invoking the Cranial Base -Treatment and Outcome. A Two Center Report. Plast Reconstr Surg 91:223, 1993.

Delozier, J.B., III, Whitaker, L.A., Bartlett, S.P. and Schut, L.: Infant Treatment of Isolated Craniofacial Dysostosis: Long Term Results. Proceedings International CF Meeting. Santiago, Spain, June 1991.

Whitaker, L.A.: Temporal Fossa Augmentation and Reduction. Proceedings International Craniofacial Society, 1992.

Posnick, J.C., Al-Quttam, M. M. and Whitaker, L.A. Assessment of the Preferred Vertical Position of the Ear. Plast Reconstr Surg 91:1198, 1993.

Long Term Results of Isolated Craniofacial Dysostosis Treatment in Infancy. Submitted to Plast Reconstr Surg.

Shimko, B.W., Whitaker, L.A. In the Delivery of Healthcare, is the Customer King? Submitted to Sloan Management Review.

Delozier, J.B., III, Bartlett, S. P. and Whitaker, L.A.: Surgical Management of Apert Syndrome. Submitted to Plast Reconstr Surg.

Bowers, E.J., Staky, C., Minugh-Purvis, N., Mayro, R., Pasquariello, P., Whitaker, L.A., LaRossa, D. and Randall, P.: Body Composition in Children with Clefts: Possible Evidence of Androgen Involvement in Clefting of the Lip and Palate. Am J Phys Anthrop. In press.

Matsuo, K., Nogushi, M., Taki, K. and Whitaker, L.A.: Monoblock Frontofacial Advancement Including the Nasal Part of the Anterior Cranial Base. Submitted to Plast Reconstr Surg.

Bartlett, S., Whitaker, L., DeLozier, J., Schut, L., and Sutton, L., Total Cranial Vault Reshaping in Primary and Secondary Craniosynostosis: Technique and Early Results In Craniofacial Surgery, 4. Ed. A. Montoya., Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, 992. P. 205.

DeLozier, J., Whitaker, L., Bartlett, S., and Schut, L., Infant Treatment of Isolated Craniofacial Dysostosis (Pagiocephaly): Long Term Results In Craniofacial Surgery. 4. Ed. A. Montoya., Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, 1992. P. 227-231.

Whitaker, L. A., Temporal Fossa Augmentation and Reduction. In Craniofacial Surgery. 4. Ed. A. Montoya. Monduzzi Editore. Bologna, 1992. PP. 315-319.

Whitaker, L. A., and Fearon, J., Mandibulofacial Series . Plastic Surgery Series. Plastic Surgery, 1992. Vol. II Ed. U.T. Hinderer. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1992, P. 303.

Whitaker, L.A., and Fearon, J., Late Post Traumatic Reconstruction of The Temporal- Zygomatic Area. Plastic Surgery, 1992, Vol. II., Ed. U. T. Hinderer. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1992. P. 303.

Whitaker, L. A., Facial Implants. Plastic Surgery, 1992. Vol. I. Ed. U.T. Hinderer. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1992. P. 439.

Lin, K., Bartlett, S., Matsuo, K., Li Volsi, V.A., Parry, C., Haas, B., and Whitaker, L. A., Hyaluronic Acid-Filled Mammary Implants: An Experimental Study Submitted to Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 94:306, 1994.

Buchman, S.R., Bartlett, S., Wornom III, I.L., and Whitaker, L.A., The Role of Pressure on The Regulation of Craniofacial Bone Growth. J. Craniofacial Surg 5:1, 1994.

Mordick II, T.G., LaRossa, D., Whitaker, L.A., Soft-Tissue Reconstruction of the Face: A Comparison of Dermal-Fat Grafting and Vascularized Tissue Transfer, Ann. Plast. Surg. 1992, 29:390-396.

Del Vecchio, D., Whitaker, L., Facial Trauma & Plastic Surgical Emergencies. In Fleischer, G. & Ludwig, S. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore, 1993. Pp 1186-1206.

Whitaker, L. Total Aesthetic Facial Contouring: The Decision Making Process. Proceedings 6th Intl. Congress on Craniofacial Surgery. Mexico. Oct., 1993.

Whitaker, L., Bartlett, S.P., Havlik, R. and Yu, J. Timing, Sequence, and Surgery for Complex Craniosynostoses Proceedings. 6th Intl. Congress on Craniofacial Surgery. Mexico. Oct. 1993.

O'Hara, D., DelVecchio, D., Bartlett, S. and Whitaker, L. The Role of Micro Fixation in Malar Fractures. A Quantitative Biophysical Study. Plast Reconstr Surg 97:345, 1996.

Muenke, M., Robin, N.H., Rosenberg, D.M., McDonald-McGinn, M.S., Zackai, E.H., Whitaker, L.A., Allanson, J.E., Lorenz, P., Pfeiffer, R.A. Genetic Studies in Pfeiffer Syndrome. Submitted to Cleft Pal. Journal.

Utsugi, R., Sigal, R.K., and Whitaker, L. Using Computer Graphics Technology as a Consul- tation Aid for Patients Who Want a Specific Appearance. Submitted to Plast Reconstr Surg.

Yu, J., Bartlet, S.P., Goldberg, D.S., Gannon, F., Hunter, J., Habecker, P. and Whitaker, L. An Experimental Study on the Effects of Craniofacial Growth on the Long Term Positional Stability of Microfixation. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 7:64, 1996.

Goldberg, D., Bartlett, S.P., Yu, J., Hunter, J., Whitaker, L. A Critical Review of
Microfixation in Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 6:301, 1995.

Lohner, R., Bartlett, S.P., Whitaker, L., Katowitz, J., Wulc, A. The Ophthalmologic Sequelae of Post-Traumatic Enophthalmos. Submitted to Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.

Utsugi, R., Whitaker, L., Ghafari, J. The Concepts of Shading and Individuality in Facial Attractiveness. Submitted to Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.

Lynch, D.R., McDonald-McGinn, D., Zackai, E., Emmanuel, B., Driscoll, D., Whitaker, L., Fishbeck, K.H.Cerebellar Atrophy in a Patient wtih Velocardiofacial Syndrome. J. Med Genetics, 1994.

Havlik, R., Azurin, D., Bartlett, S.P., Whitaker, L. Analysis and Treatment of Severe Trigonocephaly. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 103:381, 1999.

DelVecchio, D., Whitaker, L.A. Facial Trauma: In Synopsis of Pediatric Emergency Medicine by Fleischer, G.R., Ludwig, S.R. & Silverman, B.K. Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1996. Pp. 640-655.

Fearon, J.A., Yu, J., Bartlett, S.P., Munro, I. & Whitaker, L. Infections in Craniofacial Surgery: A Combined Report of 567 Procedures from Two Centers. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 100:4, 1997.

Robin, N., Neidick, J., Bason, L., Whitaker, L., McDonald-McGinn, D., Hunter, J., Snyder, H.M., Zackai, E. Frontonasal Malformation and Cloacal Exstrophy: A Previously Unreported Association. American Journal of Medical Genetics 61:75, 1996.

Sarwer, D.B., Wadden, T.A., Pertschuk, M.J. & Whitaker, L.A. The Psychology of Cosmetic Surgery: A Review and Reconceptualization. Clin. Psych. Rev. 18:1, 1998.

Sarwer, D.B., Wadden, T.A., Pertschuk, M.D. & Whitaker, L.A. Body Image Dissatisfaction and Body Dysmorphic Disorder in 100 Cosmetic Surgery Patients. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 101:1644, 1998 (May).

Muenke, M., Gripp, K., McDonald-McGinn, D.M., Gaudenz, K., Whitaker, L.A. et al. A Unique Point Mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR 3) Gene Defines a New Craniosynostosis Syndrome. Submitted to American J. of Human Genetics.

Whitaker, L., Messa, C., Mackay, G., Bartlett, S. Treatment of Patients with Non Syndromic Bicoronal Synostosis: Long Term Follow up and Patterns of Outcome in Marchac, D. Craniofacial Surgery. Monduzzi Editore, 1995. Bologna, Italy. Pp. 121-123.

Bartlett, S., Yu, J., Goldberg, D. & Whitaker, L. The Passive Translocation of Microfixation Hardwax: Clinical and Experimental Studies in Marchac, D. Craniofacial Surgery. Monduzzi Editore, 1995. Bologna, Italy. Pp. 235-237.

Sarwer, D., Pertschuk, M., Wadden, T. & Whitaker, L. Psychological Investigations in Cosmetic Surgery: A Look Back and A Look Ahead. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 101:1136, 1998.

Pertschuk, M., Sarwer, D., Wadden, T. & Whitaker, L. Body Image Dissatisfaction in Male Cosmetic Surgery Patients. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 22:20, 1998.

Gripp, K., McDonald-McGinn, D., Gaudenz, K., Whitaker, L., Bartlett, S., Glat, P., Cassileth, L., Mayro, R., Zackai, E. & Muenke, M. Identification of a Genetic Cause for Isolated Unilateral Coronal Synostosis. A Unique Mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 Receptor (FGFR 3). J. of Pediatrics. 132(4):714, 1998.

Bucky, L., Bartlett, S. & Whitaker, L. Avoiding Pitfalls and managing Complications of Aesthetic Contouring of the Craniofacial Skeleton. Clinics in Plastic Sugery. 24:613, 1997.

Sarwer, D., Whitaker, L., Wadden, T. & Pertschuk, M. Body Image Dissatisfaction in Women Seeking Rhytidectomy or Blepharoplasty. Aesthetic Surgery J. 17:230, 1997.

Sarwer, D., Bucky, L., Bartlett, S., Low, D., LaRossa, D. & Whitaker, L. Bigger is Not Always Better: Body Image Dissatisfaction in Breast Reduction and Breast Augmentation Patients. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 101:1956, June, 1998.

Gripp, K., Stolle, Cl, Celle, L., McDonald-McGinn, D., Whitaker, L. and Zackai, E. A Twist Gene Mutation in a Patient with Radical Aplasia and Craniosynostosis. American Journal Medical Genetics, 82:170, 1999.

Muenke, M., Gripp, K., McDonald-McGinn, D.M., Gaudenz, K., Whitaker, L.A., Bartlett, S.P., Markowitz, R.I., Robbin, N.H., Nwokoron, M., Milvihill, T.T., Larkin., W., Mulliken, J.B., Goodmann, A.E., Wilroy, R.S., Clare, L.A., Halloway, G., Ades, S.C., Haanea, M. A Unique Point Mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Gene (FGFR 3) Defines a New Craniosynostosis Syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Gen. 16:3, 1997.

Sarwer, D., Bartlett, S., Whitaker, L., Pertschuk, M. & Wadden, T. An Investigation of Adult Psychological Functioning in Individuals Born with Craniofacial Disfigurements. Craniofacial Surgery. Monduzzi Editore. 1998. L. Whitaker (Ed).

Mayro, R., Whitaker, L., Bartlett, S., Friedman, S., Jawad, A., & Schultz, P. Incidence of Dental Crossbites in Plagiocephaly. In Craniofacial Surg. Whitaker, L.A. (Ed.). Monduzzi Editore, 1998.

Sarwer,D., Whitaker, L., Pertschuk, M., & Wadden, T. Body Image Concerns of Reconstructive Surgery Patients: An Under Recognized Problem. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 40:403-407, 1998.

Paige, K., Bartlett, S., Whitaker, L. Facial Trauma and Plastic Surgical Emergencies. In Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore, 1999.

194. Gripp, K., Stolle, C., McDonald-Glinn, D., Markowitz, R., Bartlett, S., Whitaker, L., Katowitz, J., Muenke, M., and Zackai, E. The Phenotype of the Fibroplast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Ser 351 Cys Mutation: Pfeifer Syndrome Type III. Submitted to Clinical Genetics.

Sarwer, D., Bartlett,S., Whitaker, L., Paige, K., Pertschuk, M., & Wadden, T. Adult Psychological Functioning of Children Born with Craniofacial Anomalies. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 103:412, 1999.

Paige, K., Vega, S., Bartlett, S., Zackai, E., Jawad, A., Stouffer & Whitaker, L. Age Dependent Closure of Bony Defects after Fronto Orbital Advancement. Submitted to PRS.

Whitaker, L. Observations on 25 Years in Craniofacial Surgery. Monduzzi Editore, 1998. Bologna. In Craniofacial Surgery 7. L. Whitaker (Ed).

Baker, S., Weinzweig, J., Bartlett, S. and Whitaker, L. Brain Abscess as a Complication of Orthognathic Surgery. Diagnosis, Management and Pathophysiology. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 104: August 1999.

Cassileth, L., Bartlett, S.,Glat, P., Gripp, K., Muenke, M., Zackai, E. and Whitaker, L. Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Unicoronal Synostosis and Mutations of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Three: A Preliminary Report. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 108:1849, 2001 (Dec.).

Sarwer, D., Wadden, T., and Whitaker, L. An Investigation of Changes in Body Image Following Cosmetic Surgery. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 109:363, Jan. 2002.

Whitaker, L. Lateral Canthopexy: Craniofacial Reconstruction. In: Craniofacial Surgery 8. P. 337. Yu-Ray Chen (Ed). Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, 2000.

Baker, S., Slemp, A, and Whitaker, L. Surgical Management of the Craniofacial Manifestations of Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.

Sarwer, D., Whitaker, L., Bartlett, S. Psychological Functioning of Adolescents Born with Craniofacial Anomalies. In Craniofacial Surgery IX. Yu Ray Chen (Ed.). Monduzzi Editore. Bologna. 2001.

Kirschner, R., Gannon, F., Xu, J., Wang, J, Karmacharya, J., Bartlett, S., and Whitaker, L. Craniosynostosis and Altered Patterns of Fetal TGF-B Expression Induced by Intrauterine Constraint. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 109:2338, June 2002.

Weinzweig, J., Baker, S., Kirschner, R., Mackay, G., Whitaker, L., and Bartlett, S. Immediate versus Delayed Midface Distraction in a Private Model Using a New Intraoral Internal Device. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 109:1600. April 2002.

Weinzweig, J., Kirschner, R., Hunter, J., Farley, A., Bartlett, S., and Whitaker, L. Metopic Synostosis; Defining Parameters that Permit Diagnosis based on CT Images. In Craniofacial Surgery 8. P.191. Yu Ray Chen (Ed). Monduzzi Editore. Bologna, 2000.

Sarwer, D., LaRossa, D., Bartlet, S., Bucky, L., Low, D., and Whitaker, L. Body Image Concerns of Breast Augmentation patients. P&RS.

Weinzweig, J., Baker, S., Whitaker, L., Sutton, L., and Bartlett, S. Delayed Cranial Vault Reconstruction for Sagittal Synostosis in Older Children: An Algorithm for Tailoring the Reconstructive Approach to Craniofacial Deformity. Plast. & Reconstr. Surgery. 110:397, Aug. 2002.

Weinzweig, J.,Bartlett, S., Losee, J., Kirschner, R., Sutton, L., Duhaime, A-C., and Whitaker, L. Cranial Vault Expansion in the Management of Post-Shunt Craniosynostosis and Slit Ventricle Syndrome. In Craniofacial Surgery 8, p.195. Yu Ray Chen (Ed.) Monduzzi Editore. Bologna, 2000.

Whitaker, L. The Center for Human Appearance: A Multispecialty Concept. In Facial Plastic Surgery 19:1, 2003.

Weinzweig, J., Kirschner, R., Farley, A., Reese, P., Hunter, J., Whitaker, L., and Bartlett, S. Metopic Synostosis: Defining a Temporal Sequence of Normal Suture Fusion and Differentiating it from Synostosis on the Basis of Computed Tomography Images. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 112:1211, October, 2003.

Losee, J., Kirschner, R., Whitaker, L. and Bartlett, S. Congenital Nasal Anomalies: A Classification Scheme. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 113:676, February 2004.

Crerand, C., Sarwer, D., Magee, L., Gibbons, L., Lowe, M., Bartlett, S., Becker, D.G., Glat, P.M., LaRossa, D., Low, D.W. and Whitaker, L.A. Rate of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Among Patients Seeking Facial Plastic Surgery. Psychiatric Annals, 34:958, December 2004.

Paige, K., Vega, S., Kelly, C., Bartlett, S., Zackai, E., Jawad, A., Stouffer, N. and Whitaker, L. Age Dependent Closure of Bony Defects After Frontal Orbital Advancement. Accepted PRS.

McDonald-McGinn, D.M., Gripp, K.W., Kirschner, R.E., Maisenbacher, M.,.Hustead, V., Schauer, G.M., Keppler-Noreuil, K.M., Ciprero, K.L., Pasquariello, Jr., P., LaRossa, D., Bartlett, S.P., Whitaker, L.A., Zackai, E.H. Craniosynostosis: Another feature of the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 136:358, July 2005.

Sarwer, D.B., Zanville, H.A., LaRossa, D., Bartlett, S.P., Chang, B., Low, D.W. and Whitaker, L.A. Mental Health Histories and Psychiatric Medication Usage Among Persons Who Sought Cosmetic Surgery. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 114:1927-1933, 2004.

Reid, R.R., Storm, P.B. and Whitaker, L.A. Switch Cranioplasty with Full-Thickness Cranial Bone Graft; An Approach to Secondary Deformity in Trigonocephaly. 2006. Submitted to Annals of Plastic Surgery.

Books
Whitaker, L.A. and Randall, P. (eds.): Symposium on the Reconstruction ¬of Jaw Deformity. C.V. Mosby, Co., St. Louis, Missouri, 1978.

Jackson, I., Munro, I., Salyer, K. and Whitaker, L.A.: Atlas of Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery.. C.V. Mosby, Co., St. Louis, Missouri, 1982.

Whitaker, L.A. (Ed.): Craniofacial surgery. Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 14: 1, January 1987, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.

Whitaker, L.A. (Ed.). Aesthetic Surgery of the Facial Skeleton. Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 18:1, January 1991. W. B. Saunders, Co., Philadelphia.

Whitaker, L.A.(Ed.) Craniofacial Surgery. Monduzzi Editore. Bologna. 1998.

Sarwer, D.B., Prezinsky, T., Cash, T.F. Goldwyn, R.M., Persing, J.A. and Whitaker, L.A. Psychological Aspects of Reconstructive and Cosmetic Plastic Surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2005.

Book Reviews, Abstracts and Discussions
Whitaker, L.A.: Book Review. Anthropometry of the Head and Face in Medicine. By Leslie G. Farkas, p. 285. Elsevier North Holland Inc., New York, 1981. Plast Reconstr Surg 71:144, 1983.

Whitaker, L.A.: Book Review. Recognizable Patterns of Human Deformation. By David W. Smith. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1981. In Plast Reconstr Surg 71:863, 1983.

Whitaker, L.A.: Discussion. Intracranial enlargement of the orbital cavity and palpebral remodeling for orbitopalpebral neurofibromatosis. By Daniel Marchac in Plast Reconstr Surg 73:542, 1984.

Whitaker, L.A.: Discussion. Rhinoplasty: A CT scan analysis. By Rollin Daniel and Romeo Ethier. Plast Reconstr Surg 80:183, 1987.

Whitaker, L.A.: Book Review. Neurofibromatosis: Phenotype, Natural History, and Pathogenesis 1st ed. By Vincent M. Riccardi and June E. Eichner. Plast Reconstr Surg 80:446, 1987.

Whitaker, L.A.: Book Review. Craniosynostosis: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management. Ed. M. Michael Cohen. Raven Press, New York. Plast Reconstr Surg 81:290, 1988.

Whitaker, L.A.: The Prominent Mandibular Angle: Preoperative Management, Technique and Results in 42 Patients by Kim, et al. Plast and Reconstr Surg 83:281, 1989.